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脉冲中子、伽马探测系统性能表征与设计技术

欧阳晓平

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第5期   页码 44-53

摘要:

探测系统是获取辐射场特征信息的核心器件,是实施脉冲辐射探测的关键和技术基础,其性能直接决定测试数据的质量和测试方法的选择。对影响脉冲辐射探测的性能指标进行系统描述、表征是探测系统设计、研制、实际应用和综合性能评价的基础。用于复杂能谱脉冲中子、伽马混合辐射场时间谱、强度谱测量的探测系统,主要性能包括探测灵敏度、时间响应、能量响应、线性电流和中子、伽马分辨能力等指标参数,这些参数的获得与实现,需要根据中子、伽马射线与物质相互作用的基本原理,构建相应的探测结构和技术原理。在设计上,综合权衡能量收集和电荷收集方式选择、几何效率完备和高信噪比结合、信号响应和直照响应分离、探测效率与时间特性兼顾、综合性能与使用可靠性一致等设计原则,综合应用这些原则构成了探测系统设计方法。

关键词: 中子、伽马混合场     脉冲辐射探测     探测系统     设计原理     性能参数    

脉冲辐射探测技术

欧阳晓平

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第4期   页码 44-55

摘要:

脉冲辐射探测是探知核反应过程特征信息的主要途径之一,是核反应过程特性研究、核装置设计、运行、监测与控制不可或缺的技术手段。由核探测器、探测方法和应用技术等构成的脉冲辐射场探测技术,已成为科学研究、核技术应用、核材料分析、裂变/聚变研究和天体物理等相关核科学研究的必备技术元素。文章介绍了我国发展的瞬态核裂变、核聚变反应过程释放的脉冲中子、伽马混合辐射场探测系统和测量技术。

关键词: 裂变反应     聚变反应     脉冲辐射探测     探测系统     中子测量     伽马测量    

Magnetostriction varieties and stress relief caused by pulsed magnetic field

Zhipeng CAI, Xinjie DUAN, Jian LIN, Haiyan ZHAO

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第6卷 第3期   页码 354-358 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0123-4

摘要:

Magnetostriction is investigated to evaluate the stress relief caused by pulsed magnetic field treatment, because this physical property is closely associated with residual stress. Magnetostriction of different stressed samples is measured in this paper. The stress variations caused by pulsed magnetic treatment are also compared. It is found that magnetostriction variations are closely associated with stress changes. Thermodynamic potential is used to find the relationship between them. Based on several assumptions, we find that the product of magnetostriction amplitude and stress magnitude is nearly a constant during magnetic field treatment, which is valuable for stress relief evaluation and optimizing processing parameters. This conclusion is testified by stress measurements, and the calculated values are in accordance with the experiment results.

关键词: magnetostriction     pulsed magnetic field treatment     stress relief    

基于场反位形的磁约束氘氘脉冲聚变中子源方案设计

潘垣 ,王之江 ,武松涛 ,张明 ,陈志鹏 ,饶波 ,朱平,杨勇,丁永华

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 205-213 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.021

摘要:

聚变中子源可以真实反映材料在聚变中子辐照下的特性变化,对于开展聚变堆材料测试具有重要意义。基于加速器打靶原理的国际聚变材料辐照装置(IFMIF)与理想聚变中子源在聚变中子能谱等方面仍有一定差异,因此需对聚变中子源方案进行新的思索。本文围绕磁约束聚变中子源开展了磁场位形、加热方案设计与相关计算,分析了场反等离子体在两级级联磁压缩后的等离子体温度、密度演化过程及相应的中子产额,并研究了考虑双流体效应与有限拉莫尔半径效应后场反等离子体倾斜模、旋转模等磁流体不稳定性的抑制情况,最终给出了氘氘脉冲聚变中子源的关键物理参数。研究结果表明,该中子源有望获得年均2 MW/m2以上的高通量密度的聚变中子,能够满足商业聚变示范堆材料测试要求;经功率估算显示,基于场反位形进行两级级联磁压缩的新型聚变中子源方案还具备成为氘氘脉冲聚变能源的应用前景。

关键词: 聚变中子源;场反等离子体;磁压缩;氘氘反应    

脉冲水射流水力共振设计

蒲家宁,陈明

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第2期   页码 36-42

摘要:

在导管首端设置正弦脉冲流发生器,下游某处设置空气室,精心构建系统条件造成水力共振,使喷 嘴处脉冲射流的压力振幅大大提高。系统的数学物理模型用水力瞬变特征线有限差分方程建立,变时步方法解算。最优水力共振条件用Matlab直接搜索算法搜寻。正弦脉冲流发生器由恒流泵和正弦容积变化活塞 缸构成,电动活塞泵用凸轮传动给出恒定流量,活塞缸活塞用凸轮或曲轴连杆传动使缸容正弦变化。

关键词: 脉冲水射流     水力共振     特征线解法     变时步法     Matlab     直接搜寻算法     正弦脉冲流发生器    

China ADS sub-critical experimental assembly—Venus-1 and preliminary experiment

SHI Yongqian, XIA Pu, LUO Zhanglin, ZHAO Zhixiang, DING Dazhao, ZHU Qinfu, XIA Haihong, LI Jigen, ZHANG Wei, CAO Jian, QUAN Yanhui, LUO Huangda, WU Xiaofei

《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 150-157 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0019-5

摘要: China s accelerator-driven sub-critical system (ADS) sub-critical experimental assembly Venus-1 and the preliminary experiment is presented. The core of Venus-1 is a coupled one of a fast neutron zone and a thermal neutron zone. The fast neutron zone is at the centre of the core and formed by natural uranium fuel. A fast neutron spectrum field can be produced in the fast neutron zone and used for the transmutation of minor actinides (MAs). The thermal neutron zone surrounds the fast neutron zone and is formed by low-enriched uranium fuel. It is a fission zone. An epithermal neutron zone between the fast neutron zone and the thermal neutron zone can be established for the transmutation of long-lived fission products (LLFP). On July 18, 2005, the first fuel element was loaded into the Venus-1 sub-critical assembly and some preliminary experiments about the sub-critical neutronics were performed. The Venus-1 can be driven by an Am-Be source or other steady neutron source (Cf-252, D-D reaction and D-T reaction) to study the effect of the external neutron source with different energies or a D-T pulsed neutron source on the dynamic characteristics.

关键词: coupled     D-D reaction     dynamic     pulsed neutron     sub-critical assembly    

医院中子照射器I型堆超热中子束流孔道的优化设计

江新标,朱养妮,赵柱民,陈立新,周永茂

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第8期   页码 33-37

摘要:

采用蒙特卡罗程序(Monte Carlo neutron and photo transport code, MCNP)对医院中子照射器I

关键词: 医院中子照射器I型堆     超热中子束流     中子通量密度    

Immune response triggered by the ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma with nanosecond pulsed electric

Jianpeng Liu, Xinhua Chen, Shusen Zheng

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 170-177 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0747-z

摘要: Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel, nonthermal, and minimally invasive modality that can ablate solid tumors by inducing apoptosis. Recent animal experiments show that nsPEF can induce the immunogenic cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and stimulate the host’s immune response to kill residual tumor cells and decrease distant metastatic tumors. nsPEF-induced immunity is of great clinical importance because the nonthermal ablation may enhance the immune memory, which can prevent HCC recurrence and metastasis. This review summarized the most advanced research on the effect of nsPEF. The possible mechanisms of how locoregional nsPEF ablation enhances the systemic anticancer immune responses were illustrated. nsPEF stimulates the host immune system to boost stimulation and prevail suppression. Also, nsPEF increases the dendritic cell loading and inhibits the regulatory responses, thereby improving immune stimulation and limiting immunosuppression in HCC-bearing hosts. Therefore, nsPEF has excellent potential for HCC treatment.

关键词: nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF)     hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)     immune response     recurrence     metastasis    

脉冲X射线模拟技术的发展

邱爱慈

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第9期   页码 24-28

摘要:

文章简要介绍了利用强流脉冲电子束加速器模拟脉冲X射线的发展概况及国内脉冲X射线模拟源的发展现状,指出作为主要技术途径,高功率Z箍缩技术在实现超强脉冲X射线源和ICF驱动源上都有很重要的 发展应用前景,并提出了今后工作设想。

关键词: 脉冲X射线     高功率脉冲技术     脉冲电子束加速器     Z箍缩     ICF    

Advanced nitrogen removal by pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with real-time control

YANG Qing, PENG Yongzhen, YANG Anming, LI Jianfeng, GUO Jianhua

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 488-492 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0078-1

摘要: The feasibility of pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) as on-line control parameters to advance nitrogen removal in pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was evaluated. The pulsed SBR, a novel operational mode of SBR, was

关键词: reduction potential     oxidation reduction     operational     feasibility     nitrogen    

直接驱动Z箍缩的FLTD型脉冲功率源的发展

孙凤举,邱爱慈,曾正中,曾江涛,丛培天

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第11期   页码 56-63

摘要:

介绍了快直线型变压器(FLTD)脉冲源的技术特点;概述了美国圣地亚国家实验室与俄罗斯强流电子学研究所合作研制的FLTD-Z模块的新进展,基于FLTD拟重复频率运行的针对聚变能源(IFE)应用的原理性样机Z-POP装置,以及下一代惯性约束核聚变(ICF)和IFE用的指标为6 MV,60 MA/90 MA和100 ns FLTD型直接驱动脉冲源的概念设想;初步分析了FLTD直接驱动源需要研究的关键技术。

关键词: 快Z箍缩     直接驱动     FLTD型脉冲加速器     高功率脉冲加速器     概念设计    

Air bearing center cross gap of neutron stress spectrometer sample table support system

Yang LI,Yunxin WU,Hai GONG,Xiaolei FENG

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第11卷 第4期   页码 403-411 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0405-y

摘要:

A support system is the main load-bearing component of sample table for neutron stress spectrometer, and air bearing is an important element of a support system. The neutron stress spectrometer sample table was introduced, and the scheme for air bearing combination was selected. To study the performance of air bearing center cross gap, finite element models (FEMs) were established based on air motion and Reynolds equations, effects of air supply pressure, and gap parameters on the overturning moment and bearing capacity of air bearing center cross gap were analyzed. Results indicate that the width, depth, and height differences of the marble floor gap played important roles in the performance of the air bearing. When gap width is lesser than 1 mm and gap depth is lower than 0.4 mm, bearing capacity and overturning moment would vary rapidly with the variation of the width and depth. A gap height difference results in the bearing capacity dropping rapidly. The FEM results agree well with experimental results. Further, findings of the study could guide the design of the support system and marble floor.

关键词: neutron stress spectrometer     sample table     support system     air bearing     center cross gap     simulation     experiment    

脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫工业试验研究

赵君科,王保健,任先文,朱祖良

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第2期   页码 74-78

摘要:

利用建造在四川绵阳科学城热电厂的最大烟气处理量为20000 m3/h的脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫工业中试装置,研究了影响脱硫效率的因素,获得了最佳工艺参数。究结果表明,当烟气温度在65~70℃,烟气水分含量约10%,氨硫化学剂量比为1∶1,烟停留时间大于6 s、能耗低于5 Wh/Nm3等条件下,脱硫率达85%以上。

关键词: 脉冲电晕放电     脱硫     工业中试    

BNCT医院中子照射器辐射场特性参数初步测量

陈军,李春娟,宋明哲,李玮,姚顺和,刁立军,姚艳玲,张紫竹,高集金,张韏凡

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第8期   页码 106-112

摘要:

为验证BNCT医院中子照射器的设计效果,对其辐射场的特性参数如中子能谱、中子通量密度及其空间分布、中子和γ吸收剂量率及其空间分布等进行了测量。针对该照射器的特点,建立了一套由多球谱仪、235U裂变电离室、金箔、组织等效正比计数器和热释光探测器组成的测量系统,利用蒙特卡洛计算方法优化设计探测器的结构,以提高超热能区的分辨率和甄别不同能量成分中子的能力。初步测量结果表明,该照射器的中子通量密度达到了预期设计要求。

关键词: BNCT医院中子照射器     中子能谱     中子通量密度     中子和γ吸收剂量率    

Transmission probability method based on triangle meshes for solving the unstructured geometry neutron

WU Hongchun, LIU Pingping, ZHOU Yongqiang, CAO Liangzhi

《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 158-166 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0020-z

摘要: The fuel assembly or core with unstructured geometry is frequently used in the advanced reactor. To calculate the fuel assembly, the transmission probability method (TPM) is widely used. However, the rectangular or hexagonal meshes are mainly used in the TPM codes for the normal core structure. The triangle meshes are most useful for expressing the complicated unstructured geometry. Even though the finite element method and Monte-Carlo method are well suited for solving the unstructured geometry problem, they are very time-consuming. Therefore, a TPM code based on the triangle meshes is developed here. This code was applied to the hybrid fuel geometry, and compared with the results of the MCNP code and other codes. The results of the comparison were consistent with each other. The TPM with triangle meshes can thus be applied to the two-dimensional arbitrary fuel assembly.

关键词: unstructured geometry     assembly     transmission probability     TPM     rectangular    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

脉冲中子、伽马探测系统性能表征与设计技术

欧阳晓平

期刊论文

脉冲辐射探测技术

欧阳晓平

期刊论文

Magnetostriction varieties and stress relief caused by pulsed magnetic field

Zhipeng CAI, Xinjie DUAN, Jian LIN, Haiyan ZHAO

期刊论文

基于场反位形的磁约束氘氘脉冲聚变中子源方案设计

潘垣 ,王之江 ,武松涛 ,张明 ,陈志鹏 ,饶波 ,朱平,杨勇,丁永华

期刊论文

脉冲水射流水力共振设计

蒲家宁,陈明

期刊论文

China ADS sub-critical experimental assembly—Venus-1 and preliminary experiment

SHI Yongqian, XIA Pu, LUO Zhanglin, ZHAO Zhixiang, DING Dazhao, ZHU Qinfu, XIA Haihong, LI Jigen, ZHANG Wei, CAO Jian, QUAN Yanhui, LUO Huangda, WU Xiaofei

期刊论文

医院中子照射器I型堆超热中子束流孔道的优化设计

江新标,朱养妮,赵柱民,陈立新,周永茂

期刊论文

Immune response triggered by the ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma with nanosecond pulsed electric

Jianpeng Liu, Xinhua Chen, Shusen Zheng

期刊论文

脉冲X射线模拟技术的发展

邱爱慈

期刊论文

Advanced nitrogen removal by pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with real-time control

YANG Qing, PENG Yongzhen, YANG Anming, LI Jianfeng, GUO Jianhua

期刊论文

直接驱动Z箍缩的FLTD型脉冲功率源的发展

孙凤举,邱爱慈,曾正中,曾江涛,丛培天

期刊论文

Air bearing center cross gap of neutron stress spectrometer sample table support system

Yang LI,Yunxin WU,Hai GONG,Xiaolei FENG

期刊论文

脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫工业试验研究

赵君科,王保健,任先文,朱祖良

期刊论文

BNCT医院中子照射器辐射场特性参数初步测量

陈军,李春娟,宋明哲,李玮,姚顺和,刁立军,姚艳玲,张紫竹,高集金,张韏凡

期刊论文

Transmission probability method based on triangle meshes for solving the unstructured geometry neutron

WU Hongchun, LIU Pingping, ZHOU Yongqiang, CAO Liangzhi

期刊论文